manus-skills/.kortix/opencode/skills/data/database-lookup/references/ncbi-protein.md
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2.9 KiB

NCBI Protein API Reference

Overview

Protein sequence records (RefSeq, GenBank, UniProt imports) accessible via NCBI E-utilities with db=protein.

Base URL

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/

Authentication

  • API key (recommended): Register at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/ and append &api_key=YOUR_KEY.
  • Without key: 3 requests/second. With key: 10 requests/second.
  • Provide tool and email parameters for identification.

Key Endpoints

1. ESearch -- Search protein records

GET esearch.fcgi?db=protein&term=QUERY&retmax=N&retmode=json
Param Description
term Search query (Entrez syntax). Fields: [Protein Name], [Organism], [Accession], [Gene Name]
retmax Max IDs returned (default 20, max 100000)
retstart Offset for pagination
usehistory y to store results on server (use with large sets)

Example -- search human insulin:

GET esearch.fcgi?db=protein&term=insulin+AND+homo+sapiens[Organism]&retmax=5&retmode=json

Response (JSON):

{
  "esearchresult": {
    "count": "1523",
    "retmax": "5",
    "idlist": ["116734704", "AAA59172.1", "NP_000198.1", ...],
    "querytranslation": "insulin AND \"Homo sapiens\"[Organism]"
  }
}

2. EFetch -- Retrieve protein records

GET efetch.fcgi?db=protein&id=IDS&rettype=TYPE&retmode=MODE
rettype retmode Output
fasta text FASTA sequence
gp text GenPept flat file
gp xml GenPept XML (INSDSeq)
acc text Accession list
seqid text SeqID list
ft text Feature table

Example -- fetch FASTA for NP_000198.1 (human insulin):

GET efetch.fcgi?db=protein&id=NP_000198.1&rettype=fasta&retmode=text

Response:

>NP_000198.1 insulin preproprotein [Homo sapiens]
MALWMRLLPLLALLALWGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTRREAED
LQVGQVELGGGPGAGSLQPLALEGSLQKRGIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN

Example -- fetch GenPept XML for multiple IDs:

GET efetch.fcgi?db=protein&id=NP_000198.1,NP_001278826.1&rettype=gp&retmode=xml

3. ESummary -- Brief record summaries

GET esummary.fcgi?db=protein&id=IDS&retmode=json

Returns: accession, title, organism, length, taxonomy, create/update dates.

GET elink.fcgi?dbfrom=protein&db=gene&id=NP_000198.1

Links protein to gene, nucleotide, structure, taxonomy, etc.

Common Search Patterns

# By accession
term=NP_000198.1[Accession]

# By gene name + organism
term=BRCA1[Gene Name] AND human[Organism]

# RefSeq only
term=insulin AND srcdb_refseq[Properties]

# By sequence length range
term=100:500[Sequence Length] AND kinase[Protein Name]

Rate Limits

  • Without API key: 3 requests/second
  • With API key: 10 requests/second
  • Large batch downloads: use usehistory=y with WebEnv/query_key, then fetch in chunks of 500